SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines

C. Buddy Creech, Shannon C. Walker, Robert J. Samuels

Introduction

Shortly after SARS-CoV emerged at the turn of the 21st century, the spike (S) protein (particularly in its prefusion [native] conformation) was identified as the immunodominant antigen of the virus. Evaluation of patients with SARS-CoV-2 revealed that binding and neutralizing antibodies primarily target the receptor-binding domain of the S1 subunit. Once this putative vaccine target was identified, the next challenge was how to best generate an effective immune response to SARS-CoV-2. The characteristics of this response would include production of neutralizing antibodies, generation of a T-cell response, and avoidance of immune-enhanced disease (vaccine-induced response that led to paradoxically increased disease severity on viral challenge).
Several vaccine designs were evaluated by different groups during the development of a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine…

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