Regolamento (UE) 2024/1689 del Parlamento europeo e del Consiglio, del 13 giugno 2024, che stabilisce regole armonizzate sull’intelligenza artificiale

Eco-Color Doppler, Intelligenza Artificiale

Estratto: Lo scopo del presente regolamento è migliorare il funzionamento del mercato interno istituendo un quadro giuridico uniforme in particolare per quanto riguarda lo sviluppo, l’immissione sul mercato, la messa in servizio e l’uso di sistemi di intelligenza artificiale (sistemi di IA) nell’Unione, in conformità dei valori dell’Unione, promuovere la diffusione di un’intelligenza artificiale (IA) antropocentrica e affidabile, garantendo nel contempo un livello elevato di protezione della salute, della sicurezza e dei diritti fondamentali sanciti dalla Carta dei diritti fondamentali dell’Unione europea («Carta»), compresi la democrazia, lo Stato di diritto e la protezione dell’ambiente, proteggere contro gli effetti nocivi dei sistemi di IA nell’Unione, nonché promuovere l’innovazione. Il presente regolamento garantisce la libera circolazione transfrontaliera di beni e servizi basati sull’IA, impedendo così agli Stati membri di imporre restrizioni allo sviluppo, alla commercializzazione e all’uso di sistemi di IA, salvo espressa autorizzazione del presente regolamento.

Fonte:
Gazzetta ufficiale dell’Unione Europea
Pubblicato il 12.07.2024

A narrative review on the application of artificial intelligence in renal ultrasound

Eco-Color Doppler, Intelligenza Artificiale

Authors: Tong Xu, Xian-Ya Zhang, Na Yang, Fan Jiang, Gong-Quan Chen, Xiao-Fang Pan, Yue-Xiang Peng and Xin-Wu Cui

Abstract: Kidney disease is a serious public health problem and various kidney diseases could progress to end-stage renal disease. The many complications of end-stage renal disease. have a significant impact on the physical and mental health of patients. Ultrasound can be the test of choice for evaluating the kidney and perirenal tissue as it is real-time, available and non-radioactive. To overcome substantial interobserver variability in renal ultrasound interpretation, artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to be a new method to help radiologists make clinical decisions. This review introduces the applications of AI in renal ultrasound, including automatic segmentation of the kidney, measurement of the renal volume, prediction of the kidney function, diagnosis of the kidney diseases. The advantages and disadvantages of the applications will also be presented clinicians to conduct research. Additionally, the challenges and future perspectives of AI are discussed.

Fonte:
Frontiers in Oncology 2023; 13: 1252630.
Published online 2024 Mar 1
DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1252630
© 2024 Xu, Zhang, Yang, Jiang, Chen, Pan, Peng and Cui

Current Developments and Role of Intestinal Ultrasound including the Advent of AI

Eco-Color Doppler, Intelligenza Artificiale

Authors: Gennaro Tagliamonte, Fabrizio Santagata, Mirella Fraquelli

Abstract: Intestinal ultrasound is a non-invasive, safe, and cost-effective technique to study the small and large intestines. In addition to conventional B-mode and color doppler imaging, new US tools have been developed in more recent years that provide auxiliary data on many GI conditions, improving the diagnosis and assessment of relevant outcomes. We have reviewed the more recent literature (from 2010 onwards) on auxiliary tools in bowel ultrasound such as elastography techniques, CEUS, SICUS, and the potential contribution by artificial intelligence (AI) to overcome current intestinal ultrasound limitations. For this scoping review, we performed an extensive literature search on PubMed and EMBASE to identify studies published until December 2023 and investigating the application of elastography techniques, CEUS, SICUS, and AI in the ultrasonographic assessment of the small and large intestines. Multiparametric intestinal ultrasound shows promising capabilities in Crohn’s disease, while less is known about the role in ulcerative colitis. Despite some evidence, the CEUS role as a point-of-care examination tool for rare conditions such as intestinal GvHD and ischemic small bowel disease seems promising, possibly avoiding the need to perform further cross-sectional imaging. The use of AI in intestinal ultrasound is still anecdotical and limited to acute appendicitis.

Fonte:
Diagnostics (Basel). 2024 Apr 3;14(7):759.
DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14070759
© 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

Advances in the management of chronic kidney disease

Rene, Ecografia Formazione di Base

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) represents a global public health crisis, but awareness by patients and providers is poor. Defined as persistent abnormalities in kidney structure or function for more than three months, manifested as either low glomerular filtration rate or presence of a marker of kidney damage such as albuminuria, CKD can be identified through readily available blood and urine tests…

Multidimensional Analysis of the Adult Human Heart in Health and Disease using Hierarchical Phase-Contrast Tomography

Polmone e Cuore, Ecografia Formazione di Base

Current clinical imaging modalities such as CT and MRI provide resolution adequate to diagnose cardiovascular diseases but cannot depict detailed structural features in the heart across length scales. Hierarchical phase-contrast tomography (HiP-CT) uses fourth-generation synchrotron sources with improved x-ray brilliance and high energies to provide micron-resolution imaging of intact adult organs with unprecedented detail…

Management of Gallstone Pancreatitis

Pancreas, Ecografia Formazione di Base

Gallstone pancreatitis is the leading cause of acute pancreatitis, accounting for approximately 50% of cases. Without appropriate and timely treatment, patients are at increased risk of disease progression and recurrence. While there is increasing consensus among guidelines for the management of mild GSP, adherence to these guidelines remains poor. In addition, there is minimal evidence to guide clinicians in the treatment of moderately severe and severe pancreatitis…

AGA Clinical Practice Update on the Role of Intestinal Ultrasound in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Commentary

Intestino / Vie Biliari, Ecografia Formazione di Base

In the past 3 years, the use of intestinal ultrasound (IUS) for monitoring inflammatory bowel disease in clinical practice has grown substantially in the United States. This American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) Institute Clinical Practice Update (CPU) aims to review the available evidence and guidance regarding the role of intestinal ultrasound in inflammatory bowel disease care…

Advances in lymphedema: An under-recognized disease with a hopeful future for patients

Vene, Eco-Color Doppler

Lymphedema has traditionally been underappreciated by the healthcare community. Understanding of the underlying pathophysiology and treatments beyond compression have been limited until recently. Increased investigation has demonstrated the key role of inflammation and resultant fibrosis and adipose deposition leading to the clinical sequelae and associated reduction in quality of life with lymphedema…

2024 Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics: A Report of US and Global Data From the American Heart Association

Stroke, Eco-Color Doppler

The American Heart Association (AHA), in conjunction with the National Institutes of Health, annually reports the most up-to-date statistics related to heart disease, stroke, and cardiovascular risk factors, including core health behaviors and health factors that contribute to cardiovascular health. The AHA Heart Disease and Stroke Statistical Update presents the latest data on a range of major clinical heart and circulatory disease conditions and the associated outcomes…

Editor’s Choice – European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS) 2024 Clinical Practice Guidelines on the Management of Asymptomatic Lower Limb Peripheral Arterial Disease and Intermittent Claudication

Linee-Guida ECD, Eco-Color Doppler

The European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS) continuously develops clinical practice guidelines for patients with vascular diseases. This is the first guideline that specifically covers the diagnosis and treatment of patients with atherosclerotic lower extremity peripheral arterial disease falling within the following clinical stages: (1) asymptomatic lower limb PAD (Rutherford grade 0/Fontaine stage I); and (2) intermittent claudication (IC, Rutherford grade I–III/Fontaine stage IIa and IIb)…

An international, multispecialty, expert-based Delphi Consensus document on controversial issues in the management of patients with asymptomatic and symptomatic carotid stenosis

Linee-Guida ECD, Eco-Color Doppler

Despite the publication of various national/international guidelines, several questions concerning the management of patients with asymptomatic (AsxCS) and symptomatic (SxCS) carotid stenosis remain unanswered. The aim of this international, multi-specialty, expert-based Delphi Consensus document was to address these issues to help clinicians make decisions when guidelines are unclear…