Machine learning and image analysis in vascular surgery

Eco-Color Doppler, Intelligenza Artificiale

Authors: Roger T. Tomihama, Saharsh Dass, Sally Chen, Sharon C. Kiang

Abstract: Deep learning, a subset of machine learning within artificial intelligence, has been successful in medical image analysis in vascular surgery. Unlike traditional computer-based segmentation methods that manually extract features from input images, deep learning methods learn image features and classify data without making prior assumptions. Convolutional neural networks, the main type of deep learning for computer vision processing, are neural networks with multilevel architecture and weighted connections between nodes that can “auto-learn” through repeated exposure to training data without manual input or supervision. These networks have numerous applications in vascular surgery imaging analysis, particularly in disease classification, object identification, semantic segmentation, and instance segmentation. The purpose of this review article was to review the relevant concepts of machine learning image analysis and its application to the field of vascular surgery.

Fonte:
Seminars in Vascular Surgery, Volume 36, Issue 3, 2023. Pages 413-418.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1053/j.semvascsurg.2023.07.001
© 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Artificial intelligence in the prediction of venous thromboembolism: A systematic review and pooled analysis

Eco-Color Doppler, Intelligenza Artificiale

Authors: Thita Chiasakul, Barbara D. Lam, Megan McNichol, William Robertson, Rachel P. Rosovsky, Leslie Lake, Ioannis S. Vlachos, Alys Adamski, Nimia Reyes, Karon Abe, Jeffrey I. Zwicker, Rushad Patell

Abstract: Accurate diagnostic and prognostic predictions of venous thromboembolism (VTE) are crucial for VTE management. Artificial intelligence (AI) enables autonomous identification of the most predictive patterns from large complex data. Although evidence regarding its performance in VTE prediction is emerging, a comprehensive analysis of performance is lacking. To systematically review the performance of AI in the diagnosis and prediction of VTE and compare it to clinical risk assessment models (RAMs) or logistic regression models…

Fonte:
Eur J Haematol. 2023 Dec;111(6):951-962.
Epub 2023 Oct 4.
DOI: 10.1111/ejh.14110.
© 2023 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

International Union of Angiology consensus document on vascular compression syndromes

Linee-Guida ECD, Eco-Color Doppler

Vascular compression syndromes (VCS) are rare diseases, but they may cause significant symptoms interfering with the quality of life (QoL) of patients who are often in their younger age. Given their infrequent occurrence, multiform clinical and anatomical presentation, and absence of dedicated guidelines from scientific societies, further knowledge of these conditions is required to investigate and treat them using modern imaging and surgical (open or endovascular) techniques…

Guidelines for Vascular Anomalies by the Italian Society for the study of Vascular Anomalies (SISAV)

Linee-Guida ECD, Eco-Color Doppler

The first Italian Guidelines GL on Vascular Malformations were created in 20141 by SISAV which, after 6 years, intends to update them according to the recently published studies and the most current scientific-technological innovations. To ensure that the recommendations on the subject are shared as much as possible and to facilitate their use on the territory, the main Scientific Societies in this field were also involved: SICVE, CIF, SIAPAV, SIDEMAST, SICMF, SIRM and SICP…

Proper technique of lower extremity pulse examination: a lost art

Eco-Color Doppler, AOP

A properly performed pulse examination can provide an accurate assessment of the arterial circulation to the lower extremity. However, increasing availability of non-invasive vascular laboratory testing, CT-angiography, magnetic resonance angiography, and catheter-based arteriography has deemphasized the use and teaching to student and resident physicians of classic techniques to examine lower extremity pulses…

Sex Differences in Carotid Atherosclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

TSA, Eco-Color Doppler

Over the last decades, several individual studies on sex differences in carotid atherosclerosis have been performed covering a wide range of plaque characteristics and including different populations. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to summarize previously reported results on sex differences in carotid atherosclerosis and present a roadmap explaining next steps needed for implementing this knowledge in clinical practice…

Asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis: a summary of current state of evidence for revascularization and emerging high-risk features

TSA, Eco-Color Doppler

Carotid artery stenosis is a leading cause of ischemic stroke. While management of symptomatic carotid stenosis is well established, the optimal approach in asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis (aCAS) remains controversial. The rapid evolution of medical therapies within the time frame of existing landmark aCAS surgical revascularization trials has rendered their findings outdated…

Acute pancreatitis: A review of diagnosis, severity prediction and prognosis assessment from imaging technology, scoring system and artificial intelligence

Pancreas, Ecografia Formazione di Base

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a potentially life-threatening inflammatory disease of the pancreas, with clinical management determined by the severity of the disease. Diagnosis, severity prediction, and prognosis assessment of AP typically involve the use of imaging technologies, such as computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and ultrasound, and scoring systems, including Ranson, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II, and Bedside Index for Severity in AP scores…

A concise history of echocardiography: timeline, pioneers, and landmark publications

Polmone e Cuore, Ecografia Formazione di Base

Echocardiography is less than 70 years old, and many major advances have occurred within living memory, but already some pioneering contributions may be overlooked. In order to consider what circumstances have been common to the most successful innovations, we have studied and here provide a timeline and summary of the most important developments in transthoracic and transoesophageal ultrasound imaging and Doppler techniques, as well as in intravascular ultrasound and imaging in paediatric cardiology…

AASLD Practice Guidance on the clinical assessment and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Ecografia Formazione di Base, Fegato

The study of NAFLD has intensified significantly, with more than 1400 publications since 2018, when the last American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) Guidance document was published. This new AASLD Guidance document reflects many advances in the field pertinent to any practitioner caring for patients with NAFLD and emphasizes advances in noninvasive risk stratification and therapeutics…

Will Generative Artificial Intelligence Deliver on Its Promise in Health Care?

Eco-Color Doppler, Intelligenza Artificiale

Authors: Robert M.Wachter; Erik Brynjolfsson

Abstract: Since the introduction of ChatGPT in late 2022, generative artificial intelligence (genAI) has elicited enormous enthusiasm and serious concerns.
History has shown that general purpose technologies often fail to deliver their promised benefits for many years (“the productivity paradox of information technology”). Health care has several attributes that make the successful deployment of new technologies even more difficult than in other industries; these have challenged prior efforts to implement AI and electronic health records…

Fonte:
JAMA.
Published online November 30, 2023.
DOI: 10.1001/jama.2023.25054
© 2023 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.

Artificial intelligence–based predictive models in vascular diseases

Eco-Color Doppler, Intelligenza Artificiale

Authors: Fabien Lareyre, Arindam Chaudhuri, Christian-Alexander Behrendt, Alexandre Pouhin, Martin Teraa, Jonathan R. Boyle, Riikka Tulamo, Juliette Raffort

Abstract: Cardiovascular disease represents a source of major health problems worldwide, and although medical and technical advances have been achieved, they are still associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Personalized medicine would benefit from novel tools to better predict individual prognosis and outcomes after intervention. Artificial intelligence (AI) has brought new insights to cardiovascular medicine, especially with the use of machine learning techniques that allow the identification of hidden patterns and complex associations in health data without any a priori assumptions. This review provides an overview on the use of artificial intelligence–based prediction models in vascular diseases, specifically focusing on aortic aneurysm, lower extremity arterial disease, and carotid stenosis. Potential benefits include the development of precision medicine in patients with vascular diseases. In addition, the main challenges that remain to be overcome to integrate artificial intelligence–based predictive models in clinical practice are discussed.

Fonte:
Seminars in Vascular Surgery
Volume 36, Issue 3, September 2023, Pages 440-447
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1053/j.semvascsurg.2023.05.002
© 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

A Review of the Role of Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare

Eco-Color Doppler, Intelligenza Artificiale

Authors: Ahmed Al Kuwaiti, Khalid Nazer, Abdullah Al-Reedy, Shaher Al-Shehri, Afnan Al-Muhanna, Arun Vijay Subbarayalu, Dhoha Al Muhanna, Fahad A Al-Muhanna

Abstract: Artificial intelligence (AI) applications have transformed healthcare. This study is based on a general literature review uncovering the role of AI in healthcare and focuses on the following key aspects: (i) medical imaging and diagnostics, (ii) virtual patient care, (iii) medical research and drug discovery, (iv) patient engagement and compliance, (v) rehabilitation, and (vi) other administrative applications. The impact of AI is observed in detecting clinical conditions in medical imaging and diagnostic services, controlling the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with early diagnosis, providing virtual patient care using AI-powered tools, managing electronic health records, augmenting patient engagement and compliance with the treatment plan, reducing the administrative workload of healthcare professionals (HCPs), discovering new drugs and vaccines, spotting medical prescription errors, extensive data storage and analysis, and technology-assisted rehabilitation. Nevertheless, this science pitch meets several technical, ethical, and social challenges, including privacy, safety, the right to decide and try, costs, information and consent, access, and efficacy, while integrating AI into healthcare. The governance of AI applications is crucial for patient safety and accountability and for raising HCPs’ belief in enhancing acceptance and boosting significant health consequences. Effective governance is a prerequisite to precisely address regulatory, ethical, and trust issues while advancing the acceptance and implementation of AI. Since COVID-19 hit the global health system, the concept of AI has created a revolution in healthcare, and such an uprising could be another step forward to meet future healthcare needs.

Fonte:
J. Pers. Med. 2023, 13, 951.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm13060951
© 2023 by the authors

The gallbladder: what’s new in 2022?

Intestino / Vie Biliari, Ecografia Formazione di Base

This review focuses mainly on the imaging diagnosis, treatment, and complications of acute cholecystitis which is the most common benign disease of the gallbladder. The American College of Radiology appropriateness criteria for the imaging evaluation of patients with right upper quadrant pain and the Tokyo Guidelines for evaluating patients with acute cholecystitis and acute cholangitis are presented…