The diagnosis of diabetic kidney disease can be delayed by limitations of primary biomarkers, which are microalbuminuria and estimated glomerular filtration rate. A number of Doppler ultrasound studies have associated an increase in intrarenal vascular resistance with the disease, which makes ultrasound a potential adjunct tool for early diagnosis…
The American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine (AIUM) is a multidisciplinary association dedicated to advancing the safe and effective use of ultrasound in medicine through professional and public education, research, development of clinical practice parameters, and accreditation of practices performing ultrasound examinations…
Disorders affecting parotid gland represent a heterogeneous group comprising congenital, inflammatory and neoplastic diseases which show a focal or diffuse pattern of appearance. The differentiation of neoplastic from non-neoplastic conditions of parotid glands is pivotal for the diagnostic imaging. Frequently there is evidence of overlapping between the clinical and the imaging appearance of the various pathologies.
With the improvement in quality and increased frequency of abdominal cross-sectional imaging, pancreatic cysts are a common incidental finding. A meta-analysis of 48 860 asymptomatic patients undergoing abdominal imaging reported a pooled prevalence of pancreatic cysts of 8%. Such high prevalence coupled with the possibility of cysts harboring malignancy often leads to concern for both patients and physicians once pancreatic cysts are identified.
Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) is increasingly being performed in Italy and Europe, particularly in the field of hepato-gastroenterology. Initially, it was mainly carried out to characterize focal hepatic lesions, but, since then…
Autoimmune pancreatitis is a chronic fibroinflammatory autoimmune mediated disease of the pancreas. Clinically, obstructive painless jaundice and upper abdominal pain are the main symptoms. Focal AIP is characterized by segmental involvement of pancreatic parenchyma and it is often radiologically represented by a pancreatic mass. In these cases, the diagnosis can be very challenging…
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic disorder of bowel function characterized by altered bowel function (frequency and/or consistency) and abdominal pain related to the function of the bowel.IBS can greatly affect patients, reducingtheir quality
of life andwork productivity. The prevalence of IBS in the United States ranges between 7% and 16%, and the condition is most common in women and young people; annual direct costs associated with IBS have been estimated at more than $1 billion in the United States.
In pediatric sonography, mesenteric vessel abnormalities can be used as a sign of malrotation or volvulus. This study was aimed at evaluating the diseases associated with mesenteric vessel abnormalities in children, except for rotational anomalies…
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD), a precursor to alcohol-induced cirrhosis, is a disease caused by excessive ingestion of alcoholic substances that directly affects liver functions. Abnormal liver function can cause the liver to damage other organs within the abdomen. This case study examines the physiological nature of alcohol-induced cirrhosis and its pathogenesis, external and internal clinical presentations, and treatment options.
The aim of our study was to explore the features of focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) at Doppler ultrasonography, analyzing specifically the presence of intratumoral venous flow in patients with an established diagnosis of FNH. Previous studies showed that using a venous Doppler spectrum, intratumoral vessels are often depicted in hepatocellular adenoma (HCA) but less frequently in FNH…
Isolated distal deep vein thromboses (IDDVT) are frequent; however, their optimal management is still controversial. We performed a retrospective study on inpatients undergoing ultrasound for suspected deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or with a particular risk profile, during 2016…
Carotid artery stenosis is atherosclerotic disease that affects extracranial carotid arteries. Asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis refers to stenosis in persons without a history of ischemic stroke, transient ischemic attack, or other neurologic symptoms referable to the carotid arteries. The prevalence of asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis is low in the general population but increases with age…
Contemporary imaging methods provide detailed visualization of carotid atherosclerotic plaque, enabling a major evolution of in-vivo carotid plaque imaging evaluation. The degree of luminal stenosis in the carotid artery bifurcation, as assessed by ultrasound, has historically served as the primary imaging feature in determining ischemic stroke risk and the potential need for surgery…
In this review, we describe how technological advances in ultrasound imaging related to transducer construction and image processing fundamentally alter generation of ultrasound images to produce better quality images with higher resolution…
Medical intervention (risk factor identification, lifestyle coaching, and medication) for stroke prevention has improved significantly. It is likely that no more than 5.5% of persons with advanced asymptomatic carotid stenosis (ACS) will now benefit from a carotid procedure during their lifetime…
Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) refers to a spectrum of syndromes related to the compression of the brachial plexus (neurogenic TOS), subclavian vein or artery in the general region of the thoracic outlet, which is the area just above the first rib and behind the clavicle…
There is uncertainty around which patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis should be offered surgical intervention. Although stroke rates were unrelated to the degree of stenosis in the medical-treatment-only groups in previous randomised trials, this could simply reflect recruitment bias and there has been no systematic analysis of a stenosis-risk association in cohort studies. We aimed to establish whether there is any association between the degree of asymptomatic stenosis and ipsilateral stroke risk in patients on contemporary medical treatment…
Stroke is the fifth leading cause of death and a leading cause of disability in the United States, affecting nearly 800 000 individuals annually…
These evidence-based guidelines of the American Society of Hematology (ASH) are intended to support patients, clinicians, and other health care professionals in their decisions about the prevention and treatment of VTE in patients with cancer…
To provide evidence-based recommendations on the use of inferior vena cava (IVC) filters in the treatment of patients with or at substantial risk of venous thromboembolic disease…